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Paths to Positive Development: a Model of Outcomes in the New Zealand Youth Transitions Study

This study examined predictors of positive developmental outcomes, including: life satisfaction; optimism; educational achievement; civic engagement; and positive peer influence; in a sample of young people comprised of a study group (n = 593) facing significant challenges and a comparison group (n = 778) who were progressing more normatively. The study modelled the demographic, risk, and resource predictors of positive outcomes across both groups, and compared the fit of the model across groups using integrative data analysis techniques. Results suggested ...

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Community Influence, Developmental Domain, Education Issues, Emotional Development, Family Stressors, Peer Influence, Relationships, Resilience, Resiliency, Roles/Recognition, Social Development, Statistics, Violence & Trauma, Volunteering

Child and Family Resilience: A Call for Integrated Science, Practice, and Professional Training

Science and practice focused on child resilience and family resilience have deep and intertwined roots, yet there have been surprisingly few efforts to systematically integrate the theory, findings, and implications of these two traditions of work. In this article, the authors discuss parallels in concepts and processes that link the sciences of child and family resilience and the potential of relational developmental systems theory to provide an integrative framework for understanding and promoting resilience in children and families. The authors ...

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Emotional Development, Family Stressors, Relationships, Resiliency

Decision-making in the adolescent brain

Adolescence is characterized by making risky decisions. Early lesion and neuroimaging studies in adults pointed to the ventromedial prefrontal cortex and related structures as having a key role in decision-making. More recent studies have fractionated decision-making processes into its various components, including the representation of value, response selection (including inter-temporal choice and cognitive control), associative learning, and affective and social aspects. These different aspects of decision-making have been the focus of investigation in recent studies of the adolescent brain. Evidence ...

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Cognitive Development, Community Influence, Dating and Relationships, Developmental Domain, Emotional Development, Failure/Inappropriate Behaviors, Mental Operations, Older Children (Age 9-11), Older Teens (Age 15-18), Peer Influence, Physical Development, Pre/Young Teens (Age 12-14), Relationships, Risky Behaviors, Social Development, Statistics

Interventions Using New Digital Media to Improve Adolescent Sexual Health: A Systematic Review

New digital media (e.g., the Internet, text messaging, and social networking sites [SNS]) have dramatically altered the communication landscape, especially for youth. These communication platforms present new tools for engaging youth in sexual health promotion and risk reduction. We searched eight public databases across multiple disciplines for all peer-reviewed studies published between January 2000 and May 2011 that empirically evaluated the impact of digital media-based interventions on the sexual health knowledge, attitudes, and/or behaviors of adolescents aged 13–24 years. Of ...

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Dating and Relationships, Developmental Domain, Family Stressors, Older Teens (Age 15-18), Pre/Young Teens (Age 12-14), Relationships, Risky Behaviors, Sex Education, Sexuality, Social Development, Statistics

The Teenage Brain: Peer Influences on Adolescent Decision Making

Research efforts to account for elevated risk behavior among adolescents have arrived at an exciting new stage. Moving beyond laboratory studies of age differences in risk perception and reasoning, new approaches have shifted their focus to the influence of social and emotional factors on adolescent decision making. We review recent research suggesting that adolescent risk-taking propensity derives in part from a maturational gap between early adolescent remodeling of the brain’s socioemotional reward system and a gradual, prolonged strengthening of the ...

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Acceptance, Age, Cognitive Development, Developmental Domain, Emotional Development, Failure/Inappropriate Behaviors, Motivation/Questioning, Older Children (Age 9-11), Older Teens (Age 15-18), Peer Influence, Pre/Young Teens (Age 12-14), Relationships, Risky Behaviors, Social Development, Statistics, Violence & Trauma

Patterns of adolescent bullying behaviors: Physical, verbal, exclusion, rumor, and cyber

Patterns of engagement in cyber bullying and four types of traditional bullying were examined using latent class analysis (LCA). Demographic differences and externalizing problems were evaluated across latent class membership. Data were obtained from the 2005–2006 Health Behavior in School-aged Survey and the analytic sample included 7,508 U.S. adolescents in grades 6 through 10. LCA models were tested on physical bullying, verbal bullying, social exclusion, spreading rumors, and cyber bullying behaviors. Three latent classes were identified for each gender: All-Types ...

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Bullying, Cyberbullying, Developmental Domain, Education Issues, Emotional Development, Failure/Inappropriate Behaviors, Female, Gender, Gender Relation, Male, Older Children (Age 9-11), Older Teens (Age 15-18), Peer Influence, Pre/Young Teens (Age 12-14), Relationships, Roles/Recognition, Social Development, Statistics, Violence & Trauma

Participation of Children with and without Disabilities in Social, Recreational and Leisure Activities

Background  One method of promoting children’s friendship development is through activity participation with peers. However, children with disabilities seem to engage in fewer of these activities, and when they do participate often do so primarily with adults.

Materials and Methods  This study compared activity participation and friendship in typically developing (TD) children (n = 90), children with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD; n = 65), and children with an intellectual disability (n = 30) between the ages of 5 and 17 years. Parents completed a questionnaire about their child’s participation in ...

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Autism, Birth to five (0-5), Developmental Domain, Disabilities/Disorders, Family Stressors, Learning Disabilities, Older Children (Age 9-11), Older Teens (Age 15-18), Peer Influence, Pre/Young Teens (Age 12-14), Relationships, Social Development, Statistics, Young Children (Age 6-8)

Impulsivity as a mechanism linking child abuse and neglect with substance use in adolescence and adulthood

Emerging developmental perspectives suggest that adverse rearing environments promote neurocognitive adaptations that heighten impulsivity and increase vulnerability to risky behavior. Although studies document links between harsh rearing environments and impulsive behavior on substance use, the developmental hypothesis that impulsivity acts as mechanism linking adverse rearing environments to downstream substance use remains to be investigated. The present study investigated the role of impulsivity in linking child abuse and neglect with adult substance use using data from (a) a longitudinal sample of ...

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Age, Child Abuse, Developmental Domain, Disabilities/Disorders, Drug and Substance Abuse, Emotional Development, Failure/Inappropriate Behaviors, Family Stressors, Mental Health, Mental Operations, Motivation/Questioning, Neglect, Parental influence, Parental Involvement, Relationships, Social Development, Statistics, Violence & Trauma

From Fathers to Sons: The Intergenerational Transmission of Parenting Behavior among African American Young Men

This study examined the intergenerational transmission of fathering among young, African American fathers in rural communities. A sample of 132 African American young men living in the rural South reported on the quality of their relationship with their biological and social fathers in the family of origin, their own involvement with their young children, and relational schemas of close, intimate relationships. Results of path analyses supported the hypothesized mediational model, such that a better relationship with one’s biological (but not ...

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Acceptance, Age, Developmental Domain, Emotional Development, Family Stressors, Female, Gender, Gender Relation, Male, Mental Health, Parental influence, Parental Involvement, Race, Relationships, Social Development, Statistics

Mindful Parenting and Parents’ Emotion Expression: Effects on Adolescent Risk Behaviors

Mindful parenting is associated with greater adjustment and fewer behavior problems in children and adolescents. However, the mechanisms by which mindful parenting functions to mitigate risk in adolescence are not well understood. This study investigated parent emotional expression as a potential mechanism in the relationship between low mindful parenting and adolescent risk behaviors. A sample of 157 12–14-year-old adolescents (49 % female) and their primary caregivers (99 % female) participated in an emotionally arousing conflict interaction. Parents reported on their ...

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Drug and Substance Abuse, Emotional Development, Female, Gender, Parental influence, Parental Involvement, Pre/Young Teens (Age 12-14), Relationships, Sexual Risk Factors, Sexuality, Social Development, Statistics, Violence & Trauma

Genetic Moderation of Transactional Relations Between Parenting Practices and Child Self-Regulation

The present study addressed the ways in which parent and child dopamine D4 receptor (DRD4) genotypes jointly moderate the transactional relations between parenting practices and child self-regulation. African American children ( = 309) and their parents provided longitudinal data spanning child ages 11 to 15 years and a saliva sample from which variation at DRD4 was genotyped. Based on the differential susceptibility perspective, this study examined moderation effects of DRD4 status on (a) the extent to which parenting practices affect ...

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Autonomy, Developmental Domain, Emotional Development, Older Children (Age 9-11), Older Teens (Age 15-18), Parental influence, Parental Involvement, Pre/Young Teens (Age 12-14), Race, Relationships, Social Development, Statistics

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