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Parenting and Salience Network Connectivity Among African Americans: A Protective Pathway for Health-Risk Behaviors

Supportive parenting during childhood has been associated with many positive developmental outcomes for offspring in adulthood, including fewer health-risk behaviors. Little is known about the neural mechanisms underlying these associations. The present study followed rural African Americans (n = 91, 52% female) from late childhood (ages 11-13) to emerging adulthood (age 25). Parent-child communication was assessed at ages 11, 12, and 13. Functional magnetic resonance imaging was used at age 25 to measure resting state functional connectivity (rsFC) of the ...

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Age, Brain Development, Cognitive Development, Developmental Domain, Disabilities/Disorders, Drug and Substance Abuse, Eating habits, Emerging Adults, Emotional Development, Failure/Inappropriate Behaviors, Family Stressors, Health, Language Skills, Mental Health, Older Children (Age 9-11), Older Teens (Age 15-18), Parental influence, Parental Involvement, Physical Development, Pre/Young Teens (Age 12-14), Race, Risky Behaviors, Social Development, Statistics, Violence & Trauma

Early-Life Adversity and Physical and Emotional Health Across the Lifespan: A Neuroimmune Network Hypothesis

Children who experience chronic stressors are vulnerable to emotional and physical health problems across the lifespan. This phenomenon raises questions for scientists and clinicians alike. How does adversity get under the skin of the developing child? Through what mechanisms does it confer vulnerability to a heterogeneous set of mental and physical illnesses? And how does it instantiate risk across different life stages, engendering vulnerability to conditions that develop shortly after stressor exposure—like depression—and conditions that manifest decades later, like heart ...

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Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs), Age, Birth to five (0-5), Brain Development, Developmental Domain, Emerging Adults, Emotional Development, Family Stressors, Growth, Health, Mental Health, Older Children (Age 9-11), Older Teens (Age 15-18), Physical Development, Pre/Young Teens (Age 12-14), Statistics, Violence & Trauma, Young Children (Age 6-8)

A heavy burden on young minds: the global burden of mental and substance use disorders in children and youth

Mental and substance use disorders are common and often persistent, with many emerging in early life. Compared to adult mental and substance use disorders, the global burden attributable to these disorders in children and youth has received relatively little attention.

Data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010 was used to investigate the burden of mental and substance disorders in children and youth aged 0–24 years. Burden was estimated in terms of disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), derived from the sum ...

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Age, Birth to five (0-5), Community Influence, Developmental Domain, Disabilities/Disorders, Drug and Substance Abuse, Emerging Adults, Health, Mental Health, Older Children (Age 9-11), Older Teens (Age 15-18), Policy, Pre/Young Teens (Age 12-14), Program Administration, Socio-economic, Socioeconomic Adversity, Statistics, Suicide, Violence & Trauma, Young Children (Age 6-8)

Supporting Public Health Priorities: Recommendations for Physical Education and Physical Activity Promotion in Schools

Physical activity (PA) provides numerous physiological and psychosocial benefits. However, lifestyle changes, including reduced PA opportunities in multiple settings, have resulted in an escalation of overweight and obesity and related health problems. Poor physical and mental health, including metabolic and cardiovascular problems is seen in progressively younger ages, and the systematic decline in school PA has contributed to this trend. Of note, the crowded school curriculum with an intense focus on academic achievement, lack of school leadership support, funding and ...

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Age, Developmental Domain, Education Issues, Family Stressors, Food and Health, Funding, Health, Obesity, Physical Development, Physical Needs and Energy Level, Policy, Program Administration, Program Quality, School Personnel, Statistics, Teaching

Adverse Childhood Experiences and Mental Health, Chronic Medical Conditions, and Development in Young Children

This cross-sectional study used a nationally representative sample of children investigated by child welfare (National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well-Being II) from 2008 to 2009. Our analysis included caregiver interviews and caseworker reports about children aged 18 to 71 months who were not in out-of-home care (n = 912). We examined the associations between ACEs and mental health (measured by the Child Behavior Checklist [CBCL]), reported chronic medical conditions, and social development (measured by the Vineland Socialization Scale) in ...

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Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs), Age, Birth to five (0-5), Developmental Domain, Disabilities/Disorders, Emotional Development, Family Stressors, Health, Physical Development, Policy, Social Development, Socio-economic, Statistics, Violence & Trauma

Contribution of snacks to dietary intakes of young children in the United States

Nutritional quality of children’s diets is a public health priority in the fight against childhood obesity and chronic diseases. The main purpose of this study was to determine contribution of snacks to energy and nutrient intakes and to identify leading snack food sources of energy, total fat, and added sugars amongst young children in the United States. Using the 2005–2012 NHANES data, dietary intakes of 2- to 5-year-old children were analysed from a parent-reported 24-hour dietary recall (n = 3,429). Snacking occasions ...

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Age, Birth to five (0-5), Developmental Domain, Eating habits, Family Stressors, Growth, Health, Obesity, Parental influence, Parental Involvement, Physical Development, Physical Needs and Energy Level, Statistics

Effect of a Text Messaging Intervention on Influenza Vaccination in an Urban, Low-Income Pediatric and Adolescent Population

Influenza infection results in substantial costs, morbidity, and mortality. Vaccination against influenza is particularly important in children and adolescents who are a significant source of transmission to other high-risk populations, yet pediatric and adolescent vaccine coverage remains low. Traditional vaccine reminders have had a limited effect on low-income populations; however, text messaging is a novel, scalable approach to promote influenza vaccination.

Among children and adolescents in a low-income, urban population, a text messaging intervention compared with usual care was associated with ...

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Age, Birth to five (0-5), Community Influence, Family Stressors, Food and Health, Health, Older Children (Age 9-11), Older Teens (Age 15-18), Parental influence, Parental Involvement, Poverty, Pre/Young Teens (Age 12-14), Socio-economic, Statistics, Young Children (Age 6-8)

Child and adolescent obesity: part of a bigger picture

The prevalence of childhood overweight and obesity has risen substantially worldwide in less than one generation. In the USA, the average weight of a child has risen by more than 5 kg within three decades, to a point where a third of the country’s children are overweight or obese. Some low-income and middle-income countries have reported similar or more rapid rises in child obesity, despite continuing high levels of undernutrition. Nutrition policies to tackle child obesity need to promote healthy ...

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Community Influence, Developmental Domain, Eating habits, Family Stressors, Food and Health, Health, Obesity, Physical Development

Adolescent Males’ Awareness of and Willingness to Try Electronic Cigarettes

Purpose

Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) are a new type of device that delivers vaporized nicotine without the tobacco combustion of regular cigarettes. We sought to understand awareness of and willingness to try e-cigarettes among adolescent males, a group that is at risk for smoking initiation and may use e-cigarettes as a “gateway” to smoking.

Methods

A national sample of 11–19-year-old males (n = 228) completed an online survey in November 2011. We recruited participants through their parents, who were members of ...

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Age, Cognitive Development, Developmental Domain, Drug and Substance Abuse, Emerging Adults, Emotional Development, Failure/Inappropriate Behaviors, Family Stressors, Gender, Health, Male, Motivation/Questioning, Older Children (Age 9-11), Older Teens (Age 15-18), Policy, Pre/Young Teens (Age 12-14), Prevention and Recovery, Race, Statistics, Violence & Trauma

Effects of Aerobic Versus Resistance Exercise Without Caloric Restriction on Abdominal Fat, Intrahepatic Lipid, and Insulin Sensitivity in Obese Adolescent Boys

The optimal exercise modality for reductions of abdominal obesity and risk factors for type 2 diabetes in youth is unknown. We examined the effects of aerobic exercise (AE) versus resistance exercise (RE) without caloric restriction on abdominal adiposity, ectopic fat, and insulin sensitivity and secretion in youth. Forty-five obese adolescent boys were randomly assigned to one of three 3-month interventions: AE, RE, or a nonexercising control. Abdominal fat was assessed by magnetic resonance imaging, and intrahepatic lipid and intramyocellular lipid ...

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Age, Developmental Domain, Family Stressors, Gender, Health, Male, Obesity, Older Children (Age 9-11), Physical Development, Physical Needs and Energy Level, Pre/Young Teens (Age 12-14), Statistics

Insulin Resistance and the IGF-I-Cortical Bone Relationship in Children Ages 9-13 Years

IGF-I is a pivotal hormone in pediatric musculoskeletal development. Though recent data suggest that the role of IGF-I in total body lean mass and total body bone mass accrual may be compromised in children with insulin resistance, cortical bone geometric outcomes have not been studied in this context. Therefore, we explored the influence of insulin resistance on the relationship between IGF-I and cortical bone in children. A secondary aim was to examine the influence of insulin resistance on the lean ...

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Developmental Domain, Female, Gender, Growth, Health, Male, Older Children (Age 9-11), Physical Development, Pre/Young Teens (Age 12-14), Race, Statistics

Do internationally adopted children in the Netherlands use more medication than their non-adopted peers?

Empirical evidence has shown that international adoptees present physical growth delays, precocious puberty, behavioral problems, and mental health referrals more often than non-adoptees. We hypothesized that the higher prevalence of (mental) health problems in adoptees is accompanied by elevated consumption of prescription drugs, including antidepressants, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) medication, and medication for growth inhibition/stimulation. In an archival, population-based Dutch cohort study, data on medication use were available from the Health Care Insurance Board ...

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ADHD, Adoption, Depression/Anxiety, Developmental Domain, Disabilities/Disorders, Emotional Development, Family Stressors, Female, Gender, Growth, Health, Male, Mental Health, Older Children (Age 9-11), Physical Development, Pre/Young Teens (Age 12-14), Race, Social Development, Statistics, Treatment, Young Children (Age 6-8)

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